What Are Crane Fly Larvae?

Crane fly larvae, or leatherjackets, reside in the soil and feed on grassroots and decomposing plant matter. They are most active in mild weather, often resulting in loose turf and increased surface vulnerability. On heavily used grass areas, this can interfere with play and increase upkeep requirements.

Spotting the Signs Early

Feeding birds, unusual thinning, and irregular patches often signal larval feeding. Cutting small turf squares allows for verification. Regular observation in cool months supports prompt treatment decisions.

The Seasonal Cycle of Larval Damage

Leatherjackets remain hidden during winter but will continue feeding if conditions permit. Neglected populations cause slow turf recovery as temperatures rise. Knowing their behaviour empowers grounds teams to plan maintenance that reduces seasonal stress.

Non-Chemical Management

Many turf professionals employ cultural practices. Soil aeration promotes deeper root growth and more resilient swards. Avoiding scalping minimises turf stress. Rolling in damp conditions can bring larvae closer to the surface, making them easier for predatory birds to reach. These measures enhance tolerance, though they don’t eradicate infestations.

Using Living Organisms to Manage Leatherjackets

Natural nematodes are a eco-friendly solution that destroy crane fly larvae underground. Their success is linked to soil temperature, moisture, and timed application—usually in the first signs of infestation. Used properly, nematodes can significantly reduce larval numbers without chemical input.

When to Use Chemicals

On frequently used surfaces like sports turf, chemical products may be justified. Only registered products should be used, and always according to regulation and guidance. Combining targeted chemical use with other strategies often leads to long-term turf conditions.

Steps to Minimise Risk

Future-proofing turf involves improving drainage, building root systems, and ensuring balanced nutrient levels. After crane fly emergence in late summer, checking the grounds helps forecast the next season’s risk. Proactive measures minimise larval development over time.

FAQs About Leatherjackets and Control

• When are larvae most active?
  
  Activity is most intense in autumn and spring.



• How do I check for infestation?
  
  Cut small turf squares and count larvae beneath to determine infestation levels.



• Are nematodes effective in cold soil?
  
  No, they need certain temperatures and moisture levels to work properly.



• Should I alter mowing height?
  
  Yes, longer grass during feeding seasons can offer protection.



• What causes birds to peck at turf?
  
  Birds are usually attracted to larvae near the surface. This is often an early sign of a problem.

Key Points

Managing crane fly larvae requires vigilance, timely actions, and a multi-method approach. Grounds treated with this methodology are more likely to perform well across all seasons.

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